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Albania

Contemporary Albanian migration is considered to be unique by virtue of its intensity over a short period of time. By 2010 nearly half of Albania's resident population had emigrated and was living abroad, while many others had moved internally. Starting from a kind of 'tabula rasa' in the 1990s after nearly half a century of communist rule during which emigration was banned, contemporary flows have been intensive. In more recent years some immigration and transit migration has taken place, but the numbers are insignificant and confirm that Albania will remain a country of emigration for some years to come.

Erscheinungsdatum: 14.05.2013

Background Information

Contemporary Albanian migration is considered to be unique by virtue of its intensity over a short period of time. By 2010 nearly half of Albania's resident population had emigrated and was living…

Historical Developments of Migration

The earliest mass migration in the collective memory of Albanians took place in the second half of the 15th century, following the death of Albania's national hero, Scanderbeg, in 1467 and the…

Key Stages in Albanian Emigration

There were three key stages on which this Albanian 'drama' of mass exodus was played: the very first post-communist years of extreme poverty, political and physical insecurity and general chaos.

Characteristics of Current Migration Flows

First, there are fewer irregular migrants than in the 1990s, primarily as a consequence of the regularization schemes in Greece (1998, 2001, 2005 and 2007) and Italy (1995, 1997 and 2002), where a…

Irregular Emigration

Albanian migration was overwhelmingly irregular throughout the 1990s. Although flows stabilized during the 2000s, some irregular migration continued as legal migration channels remained limited while…

Albanian Refugees and Asylum Seekers

During the communist years almost all emigrants who managed to escape Albania were granted refugee status in the countries they settled.

Immigration in Albania since 1990

Although inflows of migrants are almost negligible they are becoming the focus of attention for some government agencies under pressure from the EU.

Irregular Immigrants

A very small number of migrants enter Albania clandestinely – often via Greece – aiming to transit to Italy. Others overstay their visa or – as in the case of Turkish citizens – their 90-days…

Refugees and Asylum Seekers

Albania is party to the 1951 UN Convention on the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. In compliance with these international legal instruments, the government approved Law 8432 'On Asylum in the…

Development of Migration-Related Policies

Migration internally and abroad was officially declared a human right only in 1993; article 22 of Law 7692 guaranteed the right of every Albanian citizen to choose his/her own place of residence and…

Citizenship

As part of the Ottoman Empire, Albanians were ruled by the Ottoman legislation until the proclamation of the independent state of Albania in 1912. The first document to legislate Albanian citizenship…

Current Developments

The key debates around migration have centered on the impacts related to remittances, population, and diaspora.

Future Challenges

There are again three key challenges Albania faces in the near future as regards migration

References and Further Reading

Here you can find literature and further reading for Country Profile 26 "Albania" by Julie Vullnetari.