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Ein ungewöhnlicher Vorschlag: Im Juli verkündete Alexander Zakharchenko, Anführer der prorussischen Separatisten in Donezk, die sogenannten "Volksrepubliken Donezk und Luhansk" sollten sich mit der Ukraine zu einem neuen Staat namens "Kleinrussland" vereinen. Nicht nur Kiew distanzierte sich von dieser Idee, sondern auch der Kreml reagierte zurückhaltend.
Erstellt werden die Ukraine-Analysen von der Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Universität Bremen, dem Zentrum für Osteuropa- und internationale Studien und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Osteuropakunde. Die bpb veröffentlicht sie als Lizenzausgabe.
Die prorussischen Separatisten unter Anführer Alexander Zakharchenko verärgerten Kiew mit der Ausrufung ihres neuen Staats "Kleinrussland" ("Malorossija").
(© picture-alliance/AP)
Der Newsletter erscheint im Rahmen des Projekts "Externer Link: Dialog für Verständigung und Recht: Europäische NGOs gemeinsam für Konfliktbewältigung im Donbass". Basierend auf der Auswertung von öffentlich zugänglichen Internet-Quellen und erstellt von Nikolaus von Twickel gibt der Newsletter einen Überblick aktueller gesellschaftspolitischer Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der selbsternannten "Volksrepubliken Donezk und Luhansk". Das Projekt wird vom Deutsch-Russischen Austausch (DRA e.V.) in Kooperation mit ukrainischen und russischen Partnern durchgeführt und vom Auswärtigen Amt gefördert. Der Newsletter ist im Internet archiviert unter Externer Link: http://www.civicmonitoring.org/. Dort finden sich auch die Internetadressen der im Text genannten Originalquellen. Ansprechpartnerin beim Deutsch-Russischen Austausch ist Yuliya Erner (Externer Link: yuliya.erner@austausch.org).
Die Redaktion der Ukraine-Analysen
Having largely vanished from international headlines, the conflict in eastern Ukraine made a comeback last month when Donetsk separatist leader Alexander Zakharchenko suddenly declared that the "people’s republics” should unite with Ukraine and form a new state called "Malorossiya”.
In a surprise statement made during a conference In Donetsk on July 18, Zakharchenko announced that because Ukraine as a state had been destroyed by the Maidan revolution (which he said led to a "Neonazi regime”) it should be replaced by Malorossiya with Donetsk as its capital (Malorossiya, literally "little Russia”, had been the name for Ukraine in Tsarist Russia). He stressed that this was the separatists’ last offer to the "criminal regime” in Kiev in order to make peace.
Zakharchenko made little effort to explain the legitimacy of such a step, merely claiming that representatives from a majority of Ukraine’s regions were present and supported the idea.
However, it quickly emerged that this was a huge exaggeration, as leaders of the neighbouring Luhansk "people’s republic”, in theory Zakharchenko’s closest allies, said that they were not at the conference and had not been consulted. Naturally, the move was quickly condemned by Ukraine and its western allies. President Petro Poroshenko suggested that Malorossiya would fail just as the "Novorossiya” project did in 2014. The German government said that Zakharchenko’s declaration was "unacceptable”.
Many western and Ukrainian commentators stressed that Zakharchenko is a Kremlin puppet and thus could not have made the decision without Moscow’s consent. However, Russian President Vladimir Putin’s spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on the same day that this was a personal initiative by Zakharchenko.
One little noted fact that supports this view is that even Denis Pushilin, the "Donetsk People’s Republic’s” chief negotiator and second most prominent figure, wasn’t at the conference and later only gave a lukewarm endorsement to Zakharchenko’s initiative, arguing that it needed more discussion and possibly a referendum.
The view that the "Malorossiya” initiative was thought within a small circle surrounding the Donetsk separatist leader was confirmed the same day by Zakhar Prilepin, the Russian writer who acts as an advisor and deputy battalion commander to Zakharchenko. In an interview with "Komsomolskaya Pravda”, Prilepin acknowledged that the Malorossiya declaration had been devised as "a surprise for Moscow” – because "time is ripe” and Donetsk was ready to rule all of Ukraine.
Thus, it was perhaps of little surprise that Zakharchenko had to more or less renounce his project. On July 26 – two days after the leaders of Germany and France condemned it as undermining Ukraine’s territorial integrity during a "Normandy Format” phone call with Presidents Poroshenko and Putin – he suddenly said that it was just a proposal and more time was needed for discussion. And on August 9 he declared that there will be no "Malorossiya” because the name caused too much opposition.
Interestingly, Zakharchenko’s initial grand declaration did not make it onto his official YouTube channel, nor is it featured in the video section of his official website (which does have a transcript, though).
Whoever was behind the idea, the whole episode shows that while Zakharchenko may ultimately be a pawn, he is willing and able to perform independently until he is called off by his masters. As for punishment, it is probably well understood in Moscow that the damage done by the Malorossiya initiative is borne mainly by its political proponent, ie Zakharchenko himself.